TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are cancer metastasis related expressions, Res and PA combination could raise TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and reduce MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions in HepG2 cancer cells, and these effects were stronger than only PA treatment. EGF is a kind of growth factor which can affect many reactions by combining with EGFR [44]. PA raised it also raised the mRNA and GTBP protein expressions of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bax (Bcl-2 assaciated X protein), p53, p21, IB- (inhibitor of NF-B alpha), Fas (factor associated suicide), FasL (factor associated suicide ligand), TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1), TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2) and decrease Bcl-2 (B cell leukemia 2), Bcl-xL (B cell leukemia extra large), HIAP-1 (cIAP-1, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1), HIAP-2 (cIAP-2, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2), NF-B (nuclear factor kappa B), COX-2 (cyclooxygenase 2), iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), MMP-2 (metalloproteinase 2), MMP-9 (metalloproteinase 9), EGF (epidermal growth factor), EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), Fit-1 (VEGFR-1, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1). Meanwhile, the 5?g/mL of Res could enhance these mRNA expressions changes as compared to the control cells. Conclusion From these results, we can conclude that Res could raise the anticancer effects of PA in HepG2 cells, Res could be used as a good sensitizing agent for PA. 5?g/mL of paclitaxel, 10?g/mL of resveratrol +5?g/mL of paclitaxel, 10?g/mL of paclitaxel, 10?g/mL of resveratrol +10?g/mL of paclitaxel a-eMean values with different letters in the same column are significantly different (These expression were higher than only PA-H treated group, this revealed that PF-04554878 (Defactinib) Res could increase these effects when present with PA. Open in a separate window Fig. 9 The mRNA and protein expression of NF-B and IB- in HepG2 human liver cancer cells. a-e Mean values with different letters over the bars are significantly different (P? ?0.05) according to Dunnetts post-hoc test. PA-L: 5?g/mL of paclitaxel; Res?+?PA-L: 10?g/mL of resveratrol +5?g/mL of paclitaxel; PA-H: 10?g/mL of paclitaxel; Res?+?PA-H: 10?g/mL of resveratrol +10?g/mL of paclitaxel mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2 and iNOS Control group cells showed the strongest COX-2 and iNOS mRNA and protein expressions, but Res?+?PA-H group cells showed the weakest expressions (Fig.?10)PA could raise TIMP-1, TIMP-2 expressions and reduce MMP-2, MMP-9 expressions as compared to the control cells, and and after addition of Res it showed higher TIMP-1, TIMP-2 expressions and lower MMP-2, MMP-9 expressions than only PA treated cells. Open in a separate window Fig. 11 The mRNA and protein expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in HepG2 human liver cancer cells. a-e Mean values with different letters over the bars are significantly different ( em P /em ? ?0.05) according to Dunnetts post-hoc test. PA-L: 5?g/mL of paclitaxel; Res?+?PA-L: 10?g/mL of resveratrol +5?g/mL of paclitaxel; PA-H: 10?g/mL of paclitaxel; Res?+?PA-H: 10?g/mL of resveratrol +10?g/mL of paclitaxel mRNA and protein expressions of EGF, EGFR, VEGF and Fit-1 PA treatment reduce EGF, EGFR, VEGF, Fit-1 PF-04554878 (Defactinib) mRNA and protein expressions as compared to the control cells (Fig.?12), and high concentration PA showed further reduction in expression of EGF, EGFR, VEGF, Fit-1. After Res addition, the experiment proved that expression was lower than only treated with PA, Res?+?PA-H had the lowest EGF, EGFR, VEGF, Fit-1 expressions. Open in a separate window Fig. 12 The mRNA and protein expression of EGF, EGFR, VEGF and Fit-1 in HepG2 human liver cancer cells. a-e Mean values with different letters over the bars are significantly different ( em P /em ? ?0.05) according to Dunnetts PF-04554878 (Defactinib) post-hoc test. PA-L: 5?g/mL of paclitaxel; Res?+?PA-L: 10?g/mL of resveratrol +5?g/mL of paclitaxel; PA-H: 10?g/mL of paclitaxel; Res?+?PA-H: 10?g/mL of resveratrol +10?g/mL of paclitaxel Discussion Apoptosis of Cancer cell PF-04554878 (Defactinib) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer, Wong et al. [20] found that a lot of receptor-mediated cell signal transduction and many different genes are involved in the activation of cancer cells apoptosis, and regulation of cancer cell apoptosis respectively. As an upstream protein involved in exogenous apoptosis, caspase-8 shears and activates downstream apoptosis-inducing proteins such as caspase-3, caspase-6 and caspase-7, causing cell apoptosis [21]. Apaf-l can bond to.